habban, w3.,
(3) have, hold; 446, 462 (
keep), 1176, 1490, 1798, 2740 (geféan ~), 3017; pres. 1 sg. (wén) hæbbe, 383 (geweald) ~, 950; hafu 2523, hafo 2150, ([wén]) ~, 3000; 2 sg. hafast, 1174, 1849; 3 sg. (geweald) hafað, 1610; 1 pl. habbað, 270; opt. 3 sg. hæbbe, 381; 3 pl negat. næbben, 1850; imp. sg.
hafa, 1395, ~ (...ond geheald), 658; [pl. habbað, F. 11]; pret. 3 sg.
hæfde, 79 (geweald...~), 518, 554, 814, 1167, 1202, 1625, 2158, 2361,
2430 (héold...ond ~), 2579; 1 pl. hæfdon, 539; 3 pl. (geféan)
hæfdon, 562.
(2) used as auxiliary, have, w/ inflected
pp.: pres. 1 sg. hafað, 474, 595, 975, 1340, 2026, 2265, 2453; opt. 3
sg. hæbbe, 1928; pret. 1 sg. hæfde, 2143; 3 sg. ~, 106, 220,
665, 743, 804, 825, 828(w/ infl. pp. as well(?)), 893, 1294, 1472, 1599 (opt.?),
[2218], 2301, 2321, 2333, 2397, 2403, 2726, 2844, 2952, 3046, 3074, 3147;
1 pl. hæfdon, 2104; 3 pl. ~, 117 (opt.?), 694, 883, 2381, 2630, 2707,
3165; opt. 3 sg. hæfde, 1550. [Go. haban, OFris. habba, hebba, OS. hebbean, OHG. habén, Ger. haben] --Cpds.: for-,
wið-habben; bord-, lind-, rond-, searo-hæbbend(e).
hád, m.,
manner, state, position, form; as., 1297
(see: on), 2193; þurh haéstne hád,
in a violent manner,
1335. [
-hood; Go. haidus]
hádor(*), adj.,
bright, clear-voiced; 497. [Ger. heiter]
hádor, n.(**),
brightness; as., 414.
hádre*, adv.,
clearly, brightly; 1571.
hafa, see
habban.
hafela*, wk.m.,
head; gs. heafolan, 2697; ds. hafelan, 672,
1372, 1521, heafolan 2679; as. hafelan, 1327, 1421, 1448, 1614, 1635, 1780,
hafalan 446; np. hafelan, 1120. --Cpd.: wíg-.
hafenian*, w2.,
raise, lift up; pret. 3 sg. hafenade, 1573.
[hebban]
hafo, hafu, see
habban.
hafoc, m.,
hawk; 2263.
haga(**)+, wk.m.,
enclosure, entrenchment; ds. hagan, 2892,
2960. [
haw, Ger. Hag] see hægsteald; án-haga.
hál, adj.,
whole, hale, sound, unhurt;
300, 1974, wes þú...hál (
hail, cp.
wassail
), 407; dsn. wk. hálan, 1503. [Go. hails, OFris. hál, hél, OS. hél, OHG. heil, Ger. heil]
Hálga, wk.m.,
Danish prince, younger brother of Hróðgár;
Hálga til, 61. [ON. Helgi, from ON. heilagr, OE. hálig, i.e.
'consecrated', 'inviolable', '
holy']
hálig, adj.,
holy, (orig.,
'whole
-ness', possibly ref. to
'charisma' [see Russell]); hálig
(god), 381, 1553, ~ (dryhten) 686. [hál; OS. hélag, Ger. heilig;
cp. OE. wíh 'idol', Go. weihs 'holy', OS. wíh 'temple', OHG.
wíh 'holy'; Lat. sanctus, sacer]
hals, see
heals.
hám, home, dwelling, residence; [2325]; gs.
hámes, 2366, 2388; ds. hám (after: tó, æt, fram),
124, 194, 374, 1147, 1156, 1248, 1923, 2993; as. hám, 717, 1407, 1601
(adv.,
home(-wards)); ap. hámas, 1127. [OFris. hám, hém, OS. hém, OHG. heim, Ger. Heim; cp. Go. haims 'village', L. cúnae 'cradle, nest', Skt. çayá 'lair']
Háma, wk.m.,
a person of the Germanic (Gothic) cycle of
legends; 1198. see n. l.1198. [ON. Heimir, OHG. Heime; cf. 'Widsith'
ll.129-30]
hamer, m.,
hammer; ds. hamere, 1285; gp. homera, 2829.
hám-weorðung**, f.,
ornament of a home;
as. -e, 2998.
hand, hond, f. -u.,
hand; hand, 1343, 2099, 2137,
2697; hond, [1520], 2216, 2488, 2509, 2609, 2684; ds. handa, 495, 540, 746,
1290, 1983, 2720, 3033, 3124, [F. 29], honda 814; as. hand, 558, 983, 1678,
2208; hond, 656 (~ ond rond), 686, 834, 927, 2405, 2575; dp. hondum, 1443,
2840. [Go. handus, ON. hond, OFris. OS. hand, OHG. hant, Ger. Hand]
hand-bona**, wk.m.,
slayer by hand; ds. (tó)
handbonan (wearð): 460, 1330 (-banan), 2502.
hand-gestealla**, wk.m.,
comrade, associate; ds. hondgesteallan,
2169; np. handgesteallan, [2596].
hand-gewriþen**, adj. (pp.),
twisted or
woven by
hand; apf. -e, 1937. [wríþan]
hand-gripe, m.,
hand-grip; 965.
hand-léan, hond-léan, **, see
and-léan.
hand-scolu, -scalu, **, f.,
(hand-)troop, companions;
ds. handscale, 1317, hondscole, 1963. [
shoal]
hand-sporu**, wk.f.,
hand-spur, nail, claw; 986.
hand-wyrðe, adj.,
made worthy by hand, hand-crafted; mas. ha[n]dwyrðne, [2245] (usu. em. h[o]rdwyrðne).
hangian, w2.,
hang (intr.); 1662; pres. 3 sg. hangað,
2447; 3 pl. hongiað, 1363; pret. 3 sg. hangode, 2085 [Go. OS. OHG. háhan, OFris. huán, Du. hangen; Hit. gank-].
hár, adj.,
hoary, grey, old; hár (hilderinc), 1307; gsm. háres 2988; dsm. hárum, 1678, [3136]; asm. hárne
(stán), 887, 1415, 2553, 2744; asf. háre, 2153. [Ger. hehr]
--Cpd.: an-.
hát, adj.,
hot; 897, 2296, 2547, 2558, 2691,
3148; nsn., 1616; gsn. 849, hátan 1423; asm. hátne, 2781; apm.
háte, 2819. [ON. heitr, OFris. OS. hét, OHG. heiz, Ger. heiß; cp. Go. heitó 'fever'] --Supl. hátost, 1668.
hát, n.,
heat; as., 2605.
hátan, redup.
(1) name, call; pres. opt. 3
pl. hátan, 2806; pp. háten, 102, 263, 373, 2602.
(2)
order, command (also shading off into
cause); abs.: pret.
3 sg. heht, 1786; w/ inf.: pret. 3 sg. heht, 1035, 1053, 1807, 1808, 2337,
2892; hét, 198, 390, 1114, 1920, 2152, 2190, 3095, 3110; passive constr.,
pp. háten, 991; w/ acc. & inf.: inf. hátan, 68; pres. 1
sg. háte, 293; imp. sg. hát, 386, pl. hátað, 2802;
pret. 3 sg. hét, 674 (subj. acc. implied), 1868; hét hine wél
brúcan, 1045, similarly, 2812; w/ þæt-clause: pret. 3
sg. hét, 2156. [
hight (arch.); Go. haitan, ON. heit, OFris. héta, OS. hétan, OHG. heizzan, Ger. heissen]
ge-hátan, redup.,
promise, (vow, threaten); pres.
1 sg. geháte, 1392, 1671; pret. 3 sg. gehét, 2132, 2937, 2989
(w/ gen.); 1 pl. gehéton, 2634; 3 pl. ~, 175; pp. nsf. geháten
(
betrothed), 2024.
hatian, w2.,
hate, persecute; 2466; pret. 3 sg. hatode,
2319. [Go. hatan, hatjan, OHG. hazzén, Ger. hassen] see daéd-hata, hettend.
hattres, see
attor.
hæf*, n.,
sea; ap. heafo, 2477.
hæfen, see
hebban.
hæft, m.,
*captive; 2408 (i.e.
slave), (cp.
'Daniel' l.266, 'Christ & Satan' l.154, ll.360f.); --**wk. (adj.): asm.
(helle) hæfton, 788 (='captivus inferni') [Go. hafts]
hæft-méce**, m. -ja.,
hilted sword; ds., 1457.
[
haft; Ger. Heft]
hæft-nýd, f. -i.,
captivity; as., [3155].
hæg-steald, adj.,
young; gpm. -ra, 1889. (also 'Genesis'
l.1859 used as adj., elsewhere noun [so np. -as, F. 40]) [see haga; Ger.
Hagestolz]
haél, n. -c. (Siev. §§288 n.1, 289 n.2),
(1)
safety, good luck; as., 653.
(2) omen(s); as., 204.
[hál] see haélo.
hæle, hæleð, *, m. -c. (Siev. §§281 n.4,
263 n.4),
hero, warrior, man; hæle (hildedéor): 1646,
[1816], 3111; hæleð, 190, 331, 1069, [F. 23, 43]; np. hæleð,
52, 2247, 2458, 3142; gp. hæleþa, 467, 497, 611, 662, 912, 1047,
1189, 1198, 1296, 1830, 1852, 1954, 2052, 2072, 2224, 3005, 3111; dp. hæleðum,
1709, 1961, 2024, 2262. [Ger. Held]
haélo, wk.f.,
prosperity, luck, hail; ds. haéle,
1217; as. ~, 719; haélo, 2418. [hál, haélþ>
health] --Cpd.: un-.
Hæreð, m.,
father of Hygd; gs. Hæreþes
1929, Hæreðes 1981.
hærg-træf*, n.,
holy (heathen) temple; (indoor?) shrine with altar and idols; dp. -trafum,
[175]. (cp. 'Andreas' l.1689: helltrafum) [see
herg; Lat. trabs(?)]
haéste*, adj. -ja.,
violent; asm. haéstne,
1335. [Go. haifsts 'quarrel']
Hæðcyn, -cen, m.,
Geatish prince, second son of Hréðel;
Hæðcyn, 2434, 2437; ds. Hæðcynne, 2482; as. Hæðcen,
2925. [h(e)aðu- 'war'; cyn 'kind']
haéþen, adj.,
heathen, pagan, gentile,
(lit.,
'man of the heath' i.e. a pejorative for
'rustic';
often used in later writing to refer to Danes); gsm. haéþenes,
986; dsn. haéðnum, 2216; asf. haéþene, 852; asn.
haéðen, 2276; gpm. haéþenra, 179. [Go. haiþnó, ON. heiðinn, OFris. héthen, OS. héðin, OHG. heidan, Ger. Heiden]
haéð-stapa*, wk.m.,
heath-stalker (stag);
1368. [steppan]
hé, héo, hit, pers. pron.,
he, she (she), it; hé 285` times, 7, 29, 80, &c.; [F. 3 times];
nsf. héo 18 times (in the A part of the MS. only), hío 11 times
(only 3 times in A), híe 2016; nsn. hit 18 times, hyt (in B only)
5 times; gsm. his (possessive) 78 times, [F. 4 times]; gsf. hire, 722 (or
dat.), poss.: 641, 1115, 1546, so: hyre, 1188, 1339, 1545, 2121; gsn. his,
2579, poss.: 1733, 2157; dsm. him 168 times used also as (reflex.) 'ethic
dative': him...gewát, 26, 234, 662, 1236, 1601, 1903, 1963, 2387,
2949, [F. 43], similarly, 1880, him...losað, 2061, con him, 2062, him...gelýfde,
1272, him...ondréd, 2347, similarly, 2348, him selfa déah,
1839; hym, 1918 (dp.?); dsf. hire, 626, 1521, 1566, 1935, hyre, 945, 2175,
3153 ('ethic dat.'); dsn. him, 78, 313; asm. hine 45 times (only 4 times
in B), [F. 13, 46], hyne 30 times (only 6 times in A), [F. 33]; asn. hit
12 times, hyt, 2158, 2248, 3161, [F. 21]; np. híe 53 times (9 times
in B); hí, 28, 43, 1628, 1966, 2707, 2934, 3038, 3130, 3163; hig,
1085, 1596, [F. 41, 42]; hý, 307, 364, 368, 2124, 2381, 2598, 2850;
gp. (poss. & partit.) hira, 1102, 1124, 1249; heora, 691, 698, 1604,
1636; hiora, 1166, 2599, 2994; hiera, 1164; hyra, 178, 324, 1012, 1055, 1246,
2040, 2311, 2849, [F. 3 times]; dp. him 32 times (gewiton him: 301, 1125);
[F. 17]; ap. híe, 477, 694, 706, 1068, 2236; hig, 1770; hý,
1048, 2233, 2592.
héa-burh, f. -c.,
(high burgh), great town;
as., 1127.
heafo, -u, see
hæf.
héafod, n.,
head; 1648; as., 48, 1639; ds.
héafde, 1590, 2138, 2290, 2973; dp. héafdon, 1242. [Go. haubiþ, ON. haufuð, OFris. háved, OS. hó
bid, OHG. houbit]
héafod-beorg**, f.,
head-protection; as. -e,
1030.
héafod-maég*, m., (
head-, i.e.)
near
relative; gp. -mága, 2151; dp. -maégum, 588.
héafod-segn**, m.n.,
head-sign, banner; as.,
2152. [see segn]
héafod-weard(**)(+), f.,
head-watch, i.e.
death-watch, (wake) (cp. 'Dream of the Rood' l.63); as. -e, 2909.
heafola, see
hafela.
héah, adj.,
high, lofty, exalted; 57, 82, 2805,
3157; gsn.wk. héän, 116; dsm.n. héaum, [2212]; dsm.wk.
(sele þám) héan: 713, 919, 1016, 1984; asm. héanne,
983; asn. héah, 48, 2768; asm.wk. héän, 3097; dp. hæum
(=héagum?) (
high-born men?), [1983]. [Go. hauhs, OFris. hách, OS. OHG. hóh, Ger. hoch]
héahealle, f.,
high hall, august building; héähealle,
1926.
héah-cyning(*), m.,
great king; gs. -es, 1039.
héah-gesceap**, n.,
(high) destiny; as., 3084.
héah-gestréon*, n.,
splendid treasure; gp.
-a, 2302.
héah-lufu (-lufe)**, wk.f.,
high love; as.
-lufan, 1954.
héah-sele**, m. -i.,
high (great) hall; ds.,
647.
héah-setl, n.,
high seat, throne; as., 1087.
[
settle]
héah-stede**, m. -i.,
lofty place; ds., 285.
heal(l), f.,
hall; heal, 1151, 1214; heall, 487; gs.
healle, [F. 4, 20]; ds. ~, 89, 614, 642, 663, 925, 1009, 1288, 1926, [F.
28]; as. ~, 1087. --Cpds.: gif-, medo-.
heal-ærn**, n.,
hall-building; gp. -a, 78.
healdan, redup.,
hold, keep, guard, occupy, possess, rule;
230, 296, 319, 704, 1182, 1348, 1852, 2372, 2389, 2377, 3034, 3166; pres.
2 sg. healdest, 1705; 3 sg. healdeð, 2909; opt. 3 sg. healde, 2719; imp.
sg. heald, 948, 2247; ger. healdanne, 1731; pret. 1 sg. héold, 241,
466, 2732, 2737, 2751; 3 sg. ~, 57, 103, 142, 161, 305, 788, 1031, 1079,
1748, 1959, 2183, 2279, 2377, 2414, 2430, 3043, 3084, 3118; híold,
1954; 3 pl. héoldon, 401, 1214, [F. 42]; opt. 3 sg. héolde,
1099, 2344, [F. 23]. [Go. haldan, ON. halda, OFris. halda, OS. haldan, OHG. haldan, haltan, Ger. halten, OSw. halla (< *halþan)] --Cpds.: be-, for-; dréam-healdende.
ge-healdan, redup.,
hold, keep, guard, rule; 674,
911, 2856; pres. 3 sg. gehealdeþ, 2293; opt. 3 sg. gehealde, 317; imp.
sg. geheald, 658; pret. 3 sg. gehéold, 2208, 2620, 3003.
healf, adj.,
half; gsf. -re, 1087. [Go. halbs, ON. halfr, OFris. OS. half, OHG. halb, Ger. halb]
healf, f.,
(half), side; ds. -e, 2262; as. -e, 1675;
gp. -a, 800; ap. -a, 1095, 1305, -e, 2063. [Go. halba]
Healf-Dene, m. -i.,
king of the Danes, father of Heorogár,
Hróðgár, Hálga (& Ýrse); héah
~, 57; gs. -es, 1064; maga ~, 189, 1474, 2143; mago ~, 1867, 2011; sunu ~,
268, 344, 645, 1040, 1652, 1699, 2147; ~ sunu, 1009; bearn ~, 469, 1020.
[O. (West) N. Hálfdan(r), O.Dan. Haldan (Lat. Haldanus)].
heal-gamen**, n.,
entertainment in the hall; as.,
1066.
heal-reced**, n.,
hall-building; as., 68.
heals, m.,
neck; ds. healse, 1872, 2809, 3017, halse, 1566;
as. heals, 2691. [Go. hals, Ger. hals] --Cpds. (adj.): fámig-, wunden-.
heals-béag**, m.,
neck-ring, collar; as. -béah,
2172; gp. -béaga, 1195.
heals-gebedda**, wk.m.f.,
dear bed-companion, consort;
63. (cp. 'Genesis' l.2152: healsmægeð)
healsian, w2.,
implore; pret. 3 sg. healsode, 2130.
heal-sittend(e)**, m. -c. (pret. ptc.) [pl.],
hall-sitt
er; gp. -sittendra, 2015; dp. -sittendum, 2868.
heal-ðegn**, m.,
hall-thane; gs. -ðegnes,
142; ap. -ðegnas, 719.
heal-wudu**, m. -u.,
hall-wood; 1317.
héan, adj.,
abject, humiliated, wretched, despised;
1274, 2099, 2183, 2408. [Go. hauns, OFris. hána, OHG. hóni; see hýnan]
héan(ne), see
héah.
héap, m.,
band, troop, company, multitude; 432; (þrýðlíc
þegna) héap: 400, 1627; ds. héape, 2596; as. héap,
335, 730, 1091. [
heap; Go. hups, Ger. Haufe] --Cpd.: wíg-.
heard, adj.,
hard, strong, brave, hardy, severe;
376; (wíges) heard: 886, similarly, 1539, [F. 21]; heard (under helme):
342, 404, 2539; nsf. heard, 2914; heard (hondlocen): 322, 552; nsn. heard,
1566 (semi-adv. fuction), 2037 (p.?), 2509; nsm.wk. hearda, 401, 432, 1435,
1807, 1963, 2255, 2474, 2977; nsn.wk. hearde, 1343, 1553; dsm. (níða)
heardum, 2170, wk.(?) heardan, 2482; asm. heardne, 1590; asn. heard, 1574,
2687, 2987; npm. hearde, 2205; npf. ~, 2829; gpm. heardra, 988; gpf. ~, 166,
[heordra, F.26]; dpm. heardum, 1335, wk.(?) heardan, 963; apn. heard, 540,
2638. --Comp. asf. heardran, 576, 719. [
hard;
hardy fr. OFr.
(fr. Gmc.); Go. hardus, ON. harðr, OFris. herd, OS. hard, OHG. herti, Ger. hart; cp. Gr. καρτος 'strength'] --Cpds.: fýr-, íren-, níð-, regn-, scúr-.
hearde, adv.,
hard, sorely; 1438, 3153 (~ ondréde,
cp. 'Christ & Satan' l.1018).
heard-ecg*, adj.,
hard of edge; nsn, 1288;
asn., 1490.
heard-hicgende**, adj. (pres. ptc.),
brave-minded; npm. 394,
799. [hycgan]
Heard-réd, m.,
Geatish king, son of Hygelác;
2388; ds. -e, [2202], 2375. [heard 'fierce'; réd 'counsel']
hearm, m.,
harm, injury, insult, as., [2276]; ds.
-e, 1892.
hearm-dæg**, m.,
evil day; ap. -dagas, [3153].
hearm-scaþa**, wk.m.,
pernicious enemy; 766. see sceaþa.
hearpe, wk.f.,
harp, lyre; gs. hearpan (swég):
89, 2458, 3023, ~ (wyn(ne)): 2107, 2262. [Go. *harpa (in It. Prov. Span. Port. arpa, Fr. harpe), ON. OS. harpa, OHG. har(p)fa ds., Ger. Harfe]
heaðerian, w2.,
restrain, confine; pp. geheaðerod,
3072. [haðor]
heaðu-, battle. in compounds, see below. [Go. *haþus (in pr. names Adosind, Adefons, Theuda-hathus), OS. OHG. hathu-; cf. ON. Hoðr 'god of war', Gall. Catu-, NIr. cath]
heaþo-blác**, adj.,
bleak by battle, pale, mortally wounded; [2488].
Heaðo-Beardan, wk.m.p.,
a Germanic tribe; gp. -Beardna,
2032; Heaða-~, 2067. [heaðo- 'war'; beard 'beard']
heaðo-byrne*, wk.f.,
war-byrnie, mail-coat; 1552. [OHG.
Hadu-; ON. Hoðr]
heaþo-déor**, adj.,
battle-brave; 688; dpm.
-um, 772.
heaðo-, heaðu-fýr,**, n.,
battle-fire,
deadly fire; gs. heaðufýres, 2522; dp. heaðofýrum,
2547.
heaþo-geong**, adj.,
young (in war); [F. [2]].
heaðo-grim(m)*, adj.,
battle-grim, fierce; -grim,
548, 2691.
heaðo-lác**, n.,
(battle-sport), battle; gs. -es,
1974; ds. -e, 584. (cp. beadu-lác)
Heaþo-láf, m.,
a man of the Wylfing tribe; ds.
-e, 460. [heaþo- 'war'; láf 'remnant', 'heirloom']
heaþo-líðend(e)*, m. -c. (pres. ptc.) [pl.],
war-sailor, sea-warrior; np. -líðende, 1798; dp. -líðendum,
2955.
heaðo-maére**, adj.-ja.,
renowned in battle; apm.,
2802.
Heaþo-Raémas, m.p.,
a people living in southern
Norway (Romerike); ap. -Raémes, 519. ('Widsith' l.63: Heaþo-Réamum,
dp.; ON. Raumar)
heaðo-raés**, m.,
storm of battle; 557; gp. -a,
526; ap. -as, 1047.
heaðo-réaf**, n.,
war-dress, battle-gear, armour;
as., 401. cp. wælréaf; réafian.
heaðo-rinc*, m.,
warrior; as., 2466; dp. -um, 370.
heaþo-róf*, adj.,
brave/famed in battle; 381,
2191; npm. -e, 864.
heaðo-sceard**, adj.,
battle-hacked, notched; npf. -e,
2829.
Heaðo-Scilfingas, see
Scylfingas.
heaðo-síoc**, adj.,
battle-sick, wounded;
dsm. -um, 2754.
heaþo-stéap**, adj.,
(steep) towering in
battle; nsm.wk. -a, (helm), 1245; asm. -ne (~), 2153.
heaþo-swát**, m.,
battle-sweat, blood shed
in battle; ds. -e, 1460, 1606; gp. -a, 1668.
heaðo-torht**, adj.,
battle-clear, clear (sounding) in battle;
nsf., 2553.
heaðo-waéd**, f.,
war-dress, armour; dp. -um,
39. see ge-waéde.
heaðo-weorc**, n.,
battle-work, fight; as., 2892.
heaðo-wylm*, m. -i.,
(battle-surge), violent flame; gp.
-a, 82; ap. -as, 2819.
heáþu, f., indecl.,
high place; here meaning
high sea; 1862. [=heáhþu?]
heaðu-sweng**, m. -i.,
battle-stroke, battle-swing
; ds. -e, 2581.
héawan, redup.,
hew; 800.
ge-héawan, redup,
hew, cut (to pieces); opt.
3 sg. gehéawe, 682.
hebban, VI,
(heave), raise, lift; 656; pp. hafen,
1290; hæfen, 3023. [hafjan] --Cpd.: á-.
hédan, w1., w/ gen.,
heed, care for; pret.
opt. 3 sg. gehédde, 505; pret. 3 sg. hédde, 2697.
ge-héde, 505, see
ge-hégan.
hefene, see
heofon.
ge-hégan*, w1.,
hold (a meeting), perform, carry out,
achieve; 425 (~ ðing). [cp. ON. heyja; Siev. §409 n.14]
heht, see
hátan.
helan, IV,
conceal, cover, hide; inf., [1372].
hel(l), f. -jó,
hell, (Hel, [goddess of the
underworld]-??); hel, 852; gs. helle, 788, 1274; ds. ~, 101, 588; as. ~,
179. [Go. halja]
hell-bend**, f. -jó., (m. -i.),
bond of hell
; dp. -um, 3072.
helm, m.,
(1) protection, cover; as., 1392.
(2)
helmet; ns., 1245, 1448, 1629, 2255, 2659, 2762, [F. 45];
gs. helmes, 1030; ds. helme, 342, 404, 1286, 2539; as. helm, 672, 1022, 1290,
1526, 1745, 2153, 2615, [2723], 2811, 2868, 2973, 2979, 2987; dp. helmum,
[3139]; ap. helmas, 2638.
(3) *protector, lord (cf. Stjerna
7[?]); ns. helm (Scyldinga, &c.), 371, 456, 1321, 1623, 2462, 2705; as.,
182 (heofena helm), 2381. [ON. hjalmr, OFris. OS. OHG. helm, MnE.
helm; cp. Lat. céláre, occulere 'to hide, to conceal', Skt. çarma 'umbrella'] --Cpds.:grím-, gúð-,
niht-, scadu-.
helm-berend*, m. -c. [pl.],
(helmet-bearer), warrior;
ap. (hwate) helmberend: 2517, 2642.
Helmingas, m.p.,
the family to which Wealhþéow belongs;
gp. -a, 620. ('Widsith' l.29: Helm)
help, f.,
help; ds. (hæleðum tó)
helpe: 1709, 1961, similarly, 1830; as. helpe (gefremede): 551, 1552.
helpan, III,
help; w/ dat.: [2340], 2684; w/ gen.
or dat.: 2649; w/ gen.: 2879; pret. 3 sg. healp, 2698; inf., 2449. [Go. hilpan, ON. hjalpa, OS. helpan, OFris. helpa, OHG. helfan, Toch. tsalp]
hel-rúne(**)+, wk.f.,
one skilled in the mysteries of
hell, necromancer; demon; np. -rúnan, 163. cp. rún.
Hemming, m.,
a kinsman of Offa(?); gs. Hemninges, 1944, Heminges
1961.
Hengest, m.,
leader of the (Half-)Danes after Hnæf's death
in Frisia; 1127, [F. 17]; ds. -e, 1083, 1096. [hengest 'horse']
héo (hío), see
hé.
heofon, m.,
heaven; (pl. used w/ sg. meaning); 3155;
gs. heofenes, 414; heofones, 576, 1801, 2015, 2072; ds. hefene, 1571; gp.
heofena, 182; dp. heofenum, 52, 505. [Go. himins]
heolfor*, m. or n.,
blood, gore; ds. heolfre, 849, 1302,
1423, 2138.
heolster(*), m.,
hiding-place; as., 755. [helan; Go. hulistr]
heonan, adv.,
hence; 252; heonon, 1361. cp. hin-fús.
héore*, adj. -ja.,
safe, pleasant, good; nsf. héoru,
1372. [Ger. geheuer] --Cpd.: un-.
heoro-, heoru-dréor,**, m. or n.,
(sword-, i.e.
) battle-blood; ds. heorodréore, 849; heorudréore, 487.
heoro-dréorig*, adj.,
(sword-)gory, blood-stained;
nsn., 935; asm. -ne, 1780, 2720.
Heoro-gár, m.,
Danish king, elder brother of Hróðgár;
61; Hioro-, 2158; Here-,467. [heoro 'sword', here 'army'; gár 'spear']
(cp. hioro-serce 2539, here-syrce 1511)
heoro-gífre*, adj. -ja.,
(sword-greedy), fiercely ravenous;
1498.
heoro-, heoru-grim(m), *, adj.,
(sword-grim), fierce;
heorogrim, 1564; nsf.wk. heorugrimme, 1847.
heoro-hócyhte**, adj. -ja.,
(sword-hooked), barbed;
dpm. -hócyhtum, 1438.
heoro-sweng*, m. -i.,
sword-stroke, sword-swing; as.,
1590.
heorot, m.,
hart, stag; 1369. [Ger. Hirsch < Gmc. *herutaz < IE. *keru-do- < IE. *ker- 'horn, head'; cp. MnE. horn, Lat. cervus, Gk. κερας] (cp. Heorot)
Heorot, m.,
the famous hall of the Danish king Hróðgár
(corresonding to the royal seat of Hleiðr (Zeeland) in Norse tradition(?));
1017, 1176, Heort 991; gs. Heorotes, 403; ds. Heorote, 475, 497, 593, 1267,
1302, 1330, 1588, 1671, Heorute 766, Hiorote 1990, Hiorte 2099; as. Heorot
166, 432, Heort 78. [heorot 'hart']
Heoro-weard, m.,
son of Heorogár; ds. -e, 2161. [heoro-
'sword'; weard 'guard']
heoro-wearh**, m.,
accursed foe, savage outcast; 1267. see
werhðo.
heor(r)(**)+, m.,
hinge; np. heorras, 999. [
har(
re), (dial.)]
heorte, wk.f.,
heart; 2561; gs. heortan, 2463, 2507;
ds. ~, 2270. [Go. haírtó, ON. hjarta, OFris. herte, OS. herta, OHG. herza, Ger. Herz; L. cor, Gr. καρδια (> MnE. cardiac), OIr. cride] --Cpds.: blíð-, grom-,
rúm-, stearc-heort.
heorð-genéat*, m.,
hearth-companion, retainer;
np. -as, 261, 3179; dp. -um, 2418; ap. -as, 1580, 2180. see béod-genéat.
heoru*, m. -u.,
sword; 1285. [Go. haírus, ON. hjorr, OS. heru, Skt. çaru- 'missile, spear, arrow'] (as simplex only here & in 'Gnomic' of the 'Exeter Book' l.202; freq. in compounds)
heoðu, f.,
hall, precincts; ds. heoðe, 404.
hér, adv.,
here, hither; 244, 361, 376, 397,
1061, 1228, 1654, 1820, 2053, 2796, 2801, [F. 3, 4, 5, 26]. [Go. hér, OFris. hír, OS. hér, hír, OHG. hiar, Ger. hier]
here, m. -ja.,
army, host, troop; ds. herge, 1248, 2347,
2638. [Go. harjis, ON. herr, OS. OHG. heri, Ger. Heer] --Cpds.: flot-, scip-, sin-.
Here-beald, m.,
Geatish prince, eldest son of Hréðel;
2434; ds. -e, 2463. [here 'army'; beald 'bold']
here-bróga**, wk.m.,
war-terror; ds. -brógan,
462.
here-byrne**, wk.f.,
battle-byrnie; 1443.
Here-gár, see
Heoro-gár.
here-gríma**, wk.m.,
war-mask, visored helmet; ds.
(under) heregríman: 396 (dp.?), 2049, 2605. see grím-helm
Here-mód, m.,
a king of the Danes; 1709; gs. -es,
901. [here 'army'; mód 'mind', 'spirit', 'courage']
here-net**, n. -ja.,
(war-net), mail-coat; 1553.
here-níð**, m.,
hostility, violence; 2474.
here-pád**, f., coat of mail; 2258. [Go. paida; cp. Gr. βαιτη- 'leather coat' (of Illyrian or Thrycian origin); OE. pád is a probable loan-word from Thracian (old Gmc. has very few native words in initial p-, cf. ety. notes under entry OE. an-pæð), spread through Gmc. via Gothic; if so, change of
b- to
p- suggests a very early loan, prior to the First Gmc. Sound Shift ('Grimm's Law'); likely a 'trade'-word, possibly entering Gmc. along with 'hemp' (e.g. OE. hænep), cp. Gr. κανναβις 'cannabis, hemp']
here-ric*, m.,
army-rule, war-hero; as., 1176.
Here-ríc, m.,
uncle of Heardréd(?) (i.e.
brother of Hygd); gs. -es, 2206. [here 'army'; ríce 'powerful']
here-sceaft**, m.,
battle-shaft, spear; gp. -a, 335.
here-sceorp**, n.,
war-dress, armour; [F. 45].
Here-Scyldingas, see
Scyldingas.
here-spéd**, f. -i.,
success in war; 64. [
speed
]
here-straél**, m.,
war-arrow; 1435.
here-syrce**, wk.f.,
(battle-sark), shirt of mail;
as. -syrcan, 1511. cp hioro-serce.
here-waéd**, f.,
war-dress, armour; dp. -um, 1897.
see ge-waéde.
here-wæs(t)m**, m.,
(warlike stature,) martial vigour;
dp. -wæsmun, 677. [weaxan]
here-wísa*, wk.m.,
army leader; 3020. [cp. wísian]
herg (hearh), m., a place sacred to a god; idol, altar, sanctuary; wood, holy grove; dp. hergum, 3072.
[ON. hörgr 'heap of stones; place of worship', OHG. harug 'altar; sanctuary, chapel; holy grove'; prob. cf. OIr. carn 'heap of stones', Lat. carcer '(stone) enclosure, prison']
herge, see here, herian.
herian, w1., praise; 182, 1071; pres. opt. 3 sg. herge, 3175; honour; pret. 3 sg. he[ro]de, [2930] (MS heorde -- usu. emended to ah[red]de); pres. opt. 1 sg. herige, 1832. [Go. hazjan]
hete, m. -i. (n. -c., Siev. §§263 n.4, 288 n.1),
hate, hostility; 142, 2554. [Go. hatis, n., ON. hatr, OHG. haz, Ger. Haß] --Cpds.: ecg-, morþor-,
wíg-.
hete-líc(**)+, adj., hateful; 1267. [Ger. hässlich]
hetend, see hettend.
hete-níð(*), m., enmity; ap. -as, 152.
hete-sweng**, m. -i., hostile blow; ap. -swengeas, 2224.
hete-þanc*, m., thought of hate; dp.
um, 475.
hettend*, m. -c., enemy; np. hetende, 1828; dp. hettendum,
3004. [Cp. hatian; Ger. hetzen]
Het-ware, m. -i.p., a Frankish people on the lower Rhein;
2363, 2916. ('Widsith' l.33: Hætwerum, dp.) [hæt(t) 'hat' (perh.
'helmet')?; -ware 'inhabitants'] (cf. Lat. forms Chatti: Chattuarii)
hicgean, see hygan.
hider, adv., hither; 240, 370, 394, 3092. [Go. hidré, ON. heðra 'here', Ger. hierher]
hige, hyge, *, m. -i., mind, heart, soul; hige, 593; hyge,
755; gs. higes, 2045; as. hige, 267; dp. higum, 3148. [Go. *hugs, OHG. huct; cf. Go. gahugds, OS. gihugd]
Hige-lác, see Hyge-lác.
hige-maéðu (=-méðu)**, wk.f., weariness
of mind, distress of soul; dp. -maéðum, 2909. cp. hyge-méðe.
hige-róf*, adj., valiant; asm. -ne, [204].
hige-þíhtig**, adj., strong-hearted, determined;
asm. -ne, 746. see þýhtig.
hige-þrym(m)**, m. -ja.(?), greatness of heart; dp.
-þrymmum, 339.
hild*, f. -jó., war, battle; 1588, 1847; gif mec hild
nime: 452, 1481; gs. hilde, 2723, 2298; ds. hilde, 2916; (æt) hilde,
1460, 1659, 2076, 2258, 2575, 2684, [F. 37]; as. hilde, 647, 1990; [gp. hilda,
F. 26]; ds. hilde, 3136; --valour; ns. hild, 901; as. hilde, 2952. [Go. *hildi- 'battle' (in pr. names Hild-ulf, Hildi-gern), OH. hildr, OS. hild, OHG. hilta]
hilde-bil(l)**, n., battle-sword(/-"bill"); -bil,
1666; ds. -bille, 557, 1520, 2679.
hilde-bord**, n., (battle-board, i.e.) shield;
dp. -um, 3139; ap. -bord, 397.
Hilde-burh, f., sister of Hnæf (chief of the Half-Danes),
daugher of Hóc, wife of the Frisian king Finn; 1071, 1114. [hild
'battle'; burh 'fortified place']
hilde-cyst**, f. -i., battle-virtue, valour; dp. -um, 2598.
hilde-déor*, adj., brave in battle; 312, 834, 2107,
2183; (hæle) hildedéor: 1646, 1816, 3111 (-díor); npm.
-déore, 3169.
hilde-freca, see hild-freca.
hilde-geatwe**, f. -wó.p., war-equipments; gp. -geatwa,
2362; ap. -geatwe, 674. see wíg-getáwa.
hilde-gicel**, m., battle-icicle; dp. -um, 1606.
hilde-gráp**, f., hostile grasp; 1446, 2507.
hilde-hlæm(m), -hlem(m),**, m. -ja.(?), crash of battle;
gp. -hlemma, 2351, 2544; dp. -hlæmmum, 2201.
hilde-léoma**, wk.m., battle-light; as. -léoman
(sword, cp. beadoléoma 1523), 1143; np. ~ (flames),
2583.
hilde-méce**, m. -ja., battle-sword; np. -méceas,
2202.
hilde-mecg**, m. -ja., warrior; np. -mecgas, 799.
hilde-raés**, m., storm of battle; 300.
hilde-rand**, m., battle-shield; ap. -as, 1242. [round
]
hilde-rinc*, m., warrior; (hár) hilderinc: 1307, 3124;
gs. -es, 986; ds. -e, 1495, 1576.
hilde-sceorp**, n., war-dress, armour; as., 2155.
hilde-setl**, n., war-seat, saddle; 1039. [settle
]
hilde-strengo**, wk.f., battle-strength; as., 2113.
hilde-swát**, m., battle-sweat, battle-blood; hostile
vapour; 2558.
hilde-túx (=túsc)**, m., battle-tusk;
dp. -um, 1511.
hilde-waépen**, n., war-weapon; dp. -waépnum,
39.
hilde-wísa**, wk.m., leader in battle; ds.(p.?) -wísan,
1064. [cp. wísian]
hild-freca*, wk.m., fighter, warrior; ds. -frecan, 2366;
np. hildefrecan, 2205.
hild-fruma*, wk.m., war-chief; gs. -fruman, 2649 (ds.?),
2835; ds. ~, 1678.
hild-lata*, wk.m., (adj.), one sluggish in battle, coward;
np. -latan, 2846. [late]
hild-plega, wk.m., war-play, warfare, battle; ds.
-n, 1073.
hilt, n. f.(m.) -i. (Siev. §267a), hilt; (gylden)
hilt, 1677 (neut.); as. hilt, 1614 (fem.), 1668 (neut.); hylt, 1687; pl.
w/ sg. meaning: dp. hiltum, 1574. --Cpds.: fetel-, wreoþen-.
hilted**, adj., hilted; asn., 2987.
hilte-cumbor**, n., hilt-banner; as., 1022.
hindema**, adj.supl., last, (hindmost); dsm. hindeman
(síðe): 2049, 2517. [Go. hindumists]
hín-fús*, adj., eager to get away; 755. see
heonan.
híofan, II, w1., lament; pres. ptc. npm. híofende,
3142. [Go. hiufan]
hioro-drync**, m. -i., sword-drink, blood; dp. -um,
2358. [cp. Ger. Trunk]
hioro-serce**, wk.f., (battle-sark), coat of mail;
as. -sercean, 2539.
Hiorot, see Heorot.
hioro-weallende**, adj. (pres. ptc.), welling fiercely;
asm. (uninfl.), 2781.
hit (hyt), see hé.
hladan, VI, lade, load, heap up, lay; 2126; pret. 3 pl. hlodon,
2775; pp. hladen, 1897; nsn., 3134. [Go. hlaþan] --Cpd.: gilp-hlæden.
ge-hladan, VI, load; pret. 3 sg. gehleód, 895.
hlæst, m. (or n.), freight, load, cargo; ds. -e, 52.
[hladan; MnE. last]
hlaéw, hláw, m. (Siev. §§250 n.1, 288 n.1),
mound, barrow, cave; ds. hláwe, 1120; hlaéwe, 2773;
as. hlaéw, 2411, 2802, 3169; hlæo, 3159; dp. hlaéwum,
2296. [MnE. low; Go. hlaiw, ON. hlaiwa, OS. OHG. hléo]
hláford, m., lord (from *hláf-weard
'guardian of the loaf/bread', so 'Paris Psalter' 104.l17); 2375, 2642; gs.
-es, 3179; ds. -e, 2634; as. hláford, 267, 2283, 3142. [Go. hlaifs
'bread'] --Cpd.: eald-.
hláford-léas, adj., lord-less; without a
leader; npm. -e, 2935.
hláw, see hlaéw.
hleahtor, m., laughter, merriment; hleahtor, 611;
as. hleahtor, 3020.
hléapan, redup., leap, gallop; 864. [Go. -hlaupan]
--Cpd.: á-.
hléo(*), m.(n.) -wa., cover, shelter, protection,
hence protector (cp. helm, eodor); eorla hléo: ns., 791, 1035,
[1229], 1866, 2142, 2190; as., 1967; wígendra hléo: ns., 899,
1972, 2337; vs., 429. [lee; Go. hlija]
hléo-burh**, f. -c., sheltering town, stronghold;
as., 912, 1731.
ge-hleód, see ge-hladan.
hleonian (hlinian), w2., lean; hleonian, 1415. [Go.
*hlain 'hill']
hléor-berg**, f., cheek-guard, helmet; dp. -an, 304.
see hléor-bolster.
hléor-bolster**, m.(?), cheek-cushion, pillow; 688.
[MnE.: leer, bolster] (cp. wangere, Go. waggareis)
hléotan, II, (cast lots), obtain; pret. 3 sg.
hléat (w/ dat. [instr.]), 2385.
hléoðor-cwyde*, m. -i., ceremonious speech; as.,
1979. [cweðan]
hléoþrian, w2., speak, exclaim; pret. 3 sg.
hléoþrode, [F. 2].
hlífian, w2., stand high, tower; 2805; pret. 3 sg.
hlífade, 81, 1898; hlíuade, 1799.
hlim-bed(d)**, n. -ja., bed of rest; as., 3034. (=hlin-;
see hleonian)
hlið, hlíð, n., hill with a hollow/concavity/cleft (Gelling 8); ?-cliff, hill-side, hill; gs.
hlíðes, 1892. --[cp. hlid>MnE. lid, ON. hlíþ 'hill-slope' (Gelling 8)] --Cpds.: fen-, mist-, næs-,
stán-, wulf-hlið.
hlíuade, see hlífian.
hlúd, adj., loud; asm. -ne, 89. [cf. Go. hliuma]
hlyn(n), m. -ja., sound, din; hlyn, 611.
ge-hlyn(n)(**), n. -ja., loud sound, din; [F. 28].
hlynnan(*), w1., (hlynian, w2.), make a noise, shout, roar;
hlynnan, 2553; [pres. 3 sg. hlynneð, F. 6]; pret. 3 sg. hlynode, 1120.
hlynsian*, w2., resound; pret. 3 sg., hlynsode, 770.
hlytm(**), m. -i., lot; ds. -e, 3126. [hléotan]
(see un-hlitme)
hnáh, adj., lowly, mean, poor, illiberal; nsf., 1929.
comp. dsm. hnáhran, 952; asm. hnágran, 677. [hnígan;
Go. hnaiws]
hnaégan, w1., humble, subdue; pret. 3 sg. hnægde,
1318.
ge-hnaégan, w1., lay low, humble, subdue; pret. 3
sg. gehnaégde, 1274, pret. 3 pl. gehnaégdon, 2916. [hnígan;
Go. hnaiwjan, Ger. neigen; see hnáh]
Hnæf, m., chief of the (Half-)Danes, brother of Hildeburh,
son of Hóc; [F. [2]]; gs. -es, 1114; ds. -e, [F. 40].
hnítan, I, (strike), clash together; pret. 3 pl. (þonne)
hniton (féþan): 1327, 2544 (hnitan).
Hóc, m., father of Hildeburh & Hnæf; gs.
-es, 1076. [cp. OE. hécen 'kid']
hof, n., dwelling, house, court; ds. hofe, 1236, 1507, 1974,
[2212]; as. hof, [312]; dp. hofum, 1836; ap. hofu, 2313. [Ger. Hof]
(ge-)hogode, see (ge-)hycgan.
hoh, m., mound, hill; 1944, ds. hoe, [3157].
hold, adj., loyal, trustworthy; well-disposed, friendly;
2161, 2170; nsn., 290; asm. -ne, 267, 376, 1979; gpm. -ra, 487. [Go. hulþs,
Ger. hold]
hólinga, adv., in vain, without cause; 1076.
holm*, m., sea, water; 519, 1131, 2138; ds. -e, 543, 1435,
1914, 2362; as. holm, 48, 632, 1592; gp. -a, 2132; ap. -as, 240. [orig. meaning
'piled up waves', cp. ON. hólmr 'islet', Lat. collis; MnE. holm(e)
(obs.)] --Cpd.: waég-.
holm-clif**, n., sea-cliff, cliff by the water-side;
ds. -e, 1421, 1635; ap. -u, 230.
holm-wylm**, m. -i., surge of the sea; ds. -e, 2411.
holt, n., wood, copse; as., 2598, 2846. [holt, (arch.);
Ger. Holz] --Cpds.: æsc-, fyrgen-, gár-; Hrefnes-.
holt-wudu*, m. -u., wood; 2340 (wooden shield
); as., 1369 (forest).
homer, see hamer.
hond, hond- (gestealla, scolu), see hand(-).
hond-gemót**, n., hand-meeting, battle; gp.
-a, 1527, [2355].
hond-gesella*, wk.m. companion (who is close to one's side),
comrade-in-arms; dp. -gesellum, 1481. [sæl, sele; Ger. Geselle]
cp. ge-selda; hand-gestealla.
hond-geweorc, n., handiwork, deed of strength; ds.
-e, 2835.
hond-locen**, adj. (pp.), (locked) linked by hand
; nsf., 322, 551. [lúcan]
hond-raés*, m., hand-fight; 2072.
Hond-scióh, m., a Geat warrior, one of the comrades of
Béowulf; ds. -sciö, 2076. ['Glove' : hond 'hand'; scióh
'shoe'; cf. Ger. Handschuh 'glove', ON. (name) Vottr 'glove']
hond-slyht, m., counter-blow, return blow by hand;
; as., 2929, 2972. (influenced by ondslyht?).
hond-sweng, m., hand-swing, stroke; ds. -e, [1520].
hond-wundor**, n., wondrous thing wrought by hand
; gp. -wundra, 2768.
hongian, see hangian.
hord, n., hoard, treasure (orig. what is hidden
); 2283, 2284, 3011, 3084; gs. hordes, 887; ds. horde, 1108, 2216, 2547,
2768, 2781, 3164; as. hord, 912, 2212, 2319, 2422, 2509, 2744, 2773, 2799,
2955, 3056, 3126, hord ond ríce: 2369, 3004. [Go. huzd, ON. hodd, OS. hord, OHG. hort, Ger. Hort < Gmc. *huzdam 'thing hidden away' < IE. *kuz-dho- or *IE. kudh-to- < IE. *kus- < IE. *(s)keu- 'to cover, conceal' (Watkins 78:(s)keu-/Pokorny 2. (s)keu- 952); cf. ON. ský 'cloud' < Gmc. *skeu-jam 'cloud (cover)'; cp. OE. hydan (below)] --Cpds.: béah-,
bréost-, word-, wyrm-.
hord-ærn(**)+, n., treasure-house; ds. -e, 2831; gp.
-a, 2279.
hord-burh(*), f. -c., treasure-city; as., 467.
hord-gestréon*, n., stored-up possessions, treasure;
gp. -a, 3092; dp. -um, 1899.
hord-máðum**, m., hoard-treasure, jewel;
as. hordmádmum, 1198.
hord-weard*, m., guardian of treasure; hordweard hæleþa
('king'): ns., 1047, as., 1852; hordweard ('dragon'): ns., 2293, 2302, 2554,
2593.
hord-wela**, wk.m., hoarded wealth; as. -welan,
2344. [weal]
hord-weorþung*, f., honouring with treasure; as. -e,
952.
hord-wyn(n)**, f. -jó., hoard-joy, delightful treasure;
as. -wynne, 2270.
horn, m., horn; 1423; as., 2943; [np. -as, 'gables',
F. [1], 4]; dp. -um, 1369. [Go. haúrn, OFris. OS. OHG. horn; L. cornu, Gr. κερας, Gall. karnom, Skt. çrnga-] --Cpd.: gúð-.
horn-boga*, wk.m., horn-bow (i.e. bow 'tipped with
horn' or 'curved like a horn'); ds. -bogan, 2437.
horn-géap*, adj., wide-gabled; 82. see géap.
horn-reced**, n., gabled hall; as., 704.
hors, n., horse; 1399. [OS. hros(s), O.Fris. hors, M.Du. ors, Du. ros, ON. hross, hors, OHG. hross, ross, Ger. Roß < Gmc. *khursa- (also w/ cog. in Finnic; origin of both Gmc. & Finnic source traced to Sarmatian, Alannic - denoting a new breed of (faster) horse suitable for horse-back fighting(??), along with OE. mearh (also a likely Iranian loan-word), eventually completely making obsolete the old word for 'horse': eoh (see under entry
Éomér; seems to enter Gmc. via Gothic, borrowed during their sojourn in the southern Russian steppes? - on this Iranian origin of word, see further Brøndel)]
hós**, f.,
troop (of attendants); ds. -e, 924. [Go.
hansa; OHG. (Ger.) hansa]
hoðma*, wk.m.,
concealment, grave; ds. (p.?) hoðman,
2458.
hrá (hraé(w), hréa(w)), n.(m.) (Siev. §250
n.1),
corpse, cadaver, body; hrá, 1558. [np. hraéw,
F. [34]]. [Go. hraiwa-]
Hraédlan, Hraédles, see
Hréðel.
hræd-líce, adv.,
quickly; 356, 963. [hraþe]
hræfen, see
hrefn.
hrægl, n.,
dress, corslet; 1195; gs. -es, 1217; gp.
-a, 454. [
rail (obs.); night-
rail (dial.)] --Cpds.: beado-,
fyrd-, mere-.
hræðre, see
hreðer.
hrá-fyl(l)**, m. -i.,
fall of corpses, slaughter;
as. -fyl, 277.
hraþe, hræþe, adv.,
quickly; hraðe (hraþe), 224, 740, 748, 1294, 1310, 1541, 1576, 1914, 1937, 2117, 2968; hræþe, 1437; hreþe, 991; raþe (cp. Go. raþizó, comp.?), 724; hraþe: 1390, 1975. --Comp. hraþor, 543. [Go. raþs, OHG. rat, rad, MLG. rade, OHG. rato, rado;
rather]
hréam, m.,
cry, outcry; 1302.
hréa-wíc**, n.,
place of corpses; as. (p.?), 1214. [hrá; Go. hraiwa-]
hrefn (hræfn), m.,
raven; [hræfen, F. 34]; hrefn (blaca), 1801; (wonna) ~, 3024; ds. hrefne, 2448. [ON. hrafn, MLG. raven, OHG. hraban, Ger. Rabe]
Hrefna-wudu, m. -u.,
a forest in Sweden; as. (or ds.?), 2925. [hrefna 'raven'; wudu 'wood']
Hrefnes-holt, n.,
a forest in Sweden; as., 2935. [hrefna 'raven'; holt 'wood']
hrémig*, adj., w/ gen. or dat.,
exulting, boasting; loud;
124, 1882, 2054; npm. hrémge, 2363. [OS. hróm, Ger. Ruhm]
hréoh, adj.,
rough, fierce, savage, troubled; 1564,
2180; dsn. hréoum, 2581, wk. hréon, 1307; npf. hréo,
548. (cp. blód-, gúð-, wæl-réow)
hréoh-mód(*), adj.,
troubled in mind, fierce;
2132, 2296.
hréosan, II,
fall, rush; pret. 3 sg. hréas,
2488, 2831; 3 pl. hruron, 1074, 1430, 1872. --Cpd.: be-.
Hréosna-beorh, m.,
a hill in Geatland; as., 2477.
hréow, f.,
sorrow, distress; 2328; gp. -a, 2129. [
rue; OHG. (h)riuwa, Ger. Reue]
hréð*, orig. n. (Siev. §§267 a, 288),
glory,
triumph; as., 2575. [cf. Go. hróþeigs] see hróðor.
--Cpds.: gúð-, sige-. (Hréð-ríc)
hreþe, see
hraþe.
Hréðel (-aé-, Hraédla), m.,
king of
the Geats, father of Hygelác, grandfather of Béowulf; 374
(Hréþel Géata), 2430 (Hréðel cyning), 2474;
gs. Hréþles, 1847, 2191, 2358, 2992; Hraédles, 1485;
Hraédlan, 454. [hréð 'glory'?, eþel 'homeland'?]
hreðer*, n.(?),
breast, heart; 2113, 2593; ds. hreþre,
1151, 1446, 1745, 1878, 2328, 2442, 3148; gp. hreðra, 2045. [Go. haírþra,
n.p.]
hreþer-bealo**, n. -wa.,
(heart-bale), distress;
1343.
Hréþling, m.,
son of Hréþel; as.,
1923 (Higelác), 2925 (Hæðcen).
Hréðlingas,
m.p.,
Geatish people; 2960.
Hréð-men, m. -c.,
a name for the Geats; gp. -manna,
445.
Hréð-ríc, m.,
a son of Hróðgár;
1189, Hréþrinc, 1836. [hróð-: hréð 'glory';
ríce 'powerful']
hréð-sigor**, m.(n.),
glorious victory; gp. -a,
2583.
hrínan, I,
touch, reach; w/ dat.:988, 1515, 3053;
pret. opt. 3 sg. hrine, 2976 (
hurt); w/ æt: pret. 3 sg. hrán,
2270. --Cpd.: æt-.
hrimge/hrinde**, pp. npm. (of *hrindan, w1.),
covered with frost, ("rimy"); hrimge, 1363 [
rind (dial, (North.)) 'hoar-frost'; cp. OE. hrím].
hring, m.,
(1) ring (ornament); as., 1202,
2809; np. hringas, 1195; gp. hringa (þengel), 1507, ~ (hyrde), 2245,
~ (fengel), 2345; dp. hringum, 1091; ap. hringas, 1970, 3034.
(2)
ring-mail, armour formed of rings; 1503, 2260 (byrnan hring). [Go. *hriggs (> Fr. rang, Prov. renc 'row'), ON. hringr, OFris. OS. OHG. hring, Ger. Ring; cp. Gr. κ&ipsilon;ρκος, Lat. circus] --Cpd.: bán-.
hringan, w1.,
ring, resound; pret. 3 pl. hringdon,
327.
hring-boga**, wk.m.,
coiled creature (dragon); gs.(ds.?)
-bogan, 2561. [
ring; búgan]
Hring-Dene, see
Dene.
hringed(**), adj., (pp.),
formed of rings; hringed
(byrne), 1245; asf. hringde (byrnan), 2615.
hringed-stefna**, wk.m.,
ring-prowed ship; 32, 1897;
as. -stefnan, 1131. [stefn] (perhaps a ship furnished w/ rings, or having
a curved stem, cp. wundenstefna; hringnaca, ON. Hringhorni [Baldr's ship
in Snorri 'Edda'])
hring-íren**, n.,
ring-iron, iron rings (of mail-coat);
322.
hring-maél**, adj.,
ring-marked, i.e. (sword)
adorned with a ring, (or, perhaps,
ring-weapon); see fetelhilt,
(or
with wavy patterns?, i.e.
pattern-welded?); nsn. (p.?),
2037; --used as noun (
ring-sword); ns., 1521; as., 1564. ('Genesis'
l.1989: hring-maéled)
hring-naca**, wk.m.,
ring-prowed ship; 1862. see hringed-stefna.
hring-net(t)**, n. -ja.,
ring-net, coat of mail; as.
-net, 2754; ap. ~, 1889.
hring-sele**, m. -i.,
ring-hall; ds., 2010 (cp. béah-sele);
(of the dragon's cave:) ds., 3053; as., 2840.
hring-weorðung**, f.,
ring-adornment; as. -e,
3017.
hroden*, pp. (of hréodan, II),
adorned, decorated;
asn., 495, 1022, 1151;
ge-hroden, npn., 304. --Cpds.: béag-,
gold-.
hróf, m.,
roof; 999; as., 403, [836], 926,
983, 1030 (helmes ~, 'crown'), 2755. --Cpd.: inwit-.
hróf-sele**, m. -i.,
roofed hall; ds., 1515.
Hrones-næs(s), m.,
a headland on the coast of Geatland;
ds. -næsse, 2805, 3136. [hron 'whale']
hron-fisc(**)(+), m.,
whale(-fish, cp. Ger. Walfisch);
ap. -fixas, 540. [Celt. rhon?]
hron-rád*, f.,
whale-road, ocean; as. -e, 10.
hrór, adj.,
agile, vigorous, strong; dsm.wk. -an,
1629. [cp. on-hréran; Ger. rührig] --Cpd.: fela-.
Hróð-gár, m.,
king of the Danes, son of Healf-Dane,
lord of Heorot; 61, 356, 371, 456, 653, 662, 925, 1017, 1236, 1321, 1687,
1840, 2155; gs. -es, 235, 335, 613, 717, 826, 1066, 1456, 1580, 1884, 1899,
2020, 2351; ds. -e, 64, 1296, 1399, 1407, 1592, 1990, 2129; as. -, 152, 277,
339, 396, 863, 1646, 1816, 2010; vs., 367, 407, 417 (þéoden
H.), 1483. --note: Hróðgár maþelode: 925, 1687, 1840;
Hróðgár maþelode, helm Scyldinga: 371, 456, 1321.
[hróðor, hréð 'glory'; gár 'spear'; cf. ON.
Hróðgeirr, MHG. Rüedegér, Anglo-Norman Roger (see
'O.E. Chronicle, AD 1076)]
Hróð-mund, m.,
a son of Hróðgár;
1189. [hróð 'glory'; mund 'hand', 'protection']
hróðor*, n.,
joy, benefit; ds. hróðre,
2448; gp. hróþra, 2171. [cf. Go. hróþeigs] see
hréð. (Hróð-gár)
Hróþ-ulf, m.,
son of Hálga, nephew of Hróðgár;
1017; as., 1181. [hróþ 'glory'; -ulf : wulf 'wolf'; ON. Hrólfr,
ME. Rolf, cf. Ralph]
Hrunting, m.,
Unferð's sword; 1457; ds. -e, 1490, 1659;
as., 1807. [hrunt 'a long piece of wood'?; cf. ON. Hrotti (sword-name); ON.
(OE.) hrinda(n) 'thrust']
hruron, see
hréosan.
hrúse*, wk.f.,
earth, ground; 2558; vs., 2247; ds.
hrúsan, 2276, [2279], 2411; as. ~, 772, 2831.
hrycg, m. -ja.,
back, ridge; as., 471. [cf. Go. hrugga,
Lat. crux]
hryre, m. -i.,
fall, death; ds., 1680, 2052, 3005; as., [3179].
[hréosan] --Cpds.: léod-, wíg-.
hryssan (hrissan), w1.,
shake, rattle (intr.); pret. 3 pl.
hrysedon, 226 (cp. 327). (elsewhere trans.) [Go. af-, us-hrisjan]
hú, adv., conj.,
how; in direct question: 1987;
--in dependent clauses (indir. interr. or explic.), w/ ind., sometimes opt.;
3, 116, 279, 737, 844, 979, 1725, 2093, 2318, 2519, 2718, 2884, 2948, 3026,
[F. 47].
Húgas, m.p.,
a name applied to the Franks; gp. -a,
2502; ap. -as, 2914.
hund, m.,
dog, hound; dp. -um, 1368. [Go. hunds, ON. hundr, OFris. OS. hund, OHG. hunt, Ger. Hund, OIr. cú, Gr. κυων, Arm. çun, Toch. ku, Skt. çvá]
hund, num., n.,
hundred; a., w/ partit.gen. (misséra:)
1498, 1769; hund (þúsenda), 2994, (þréo) hund (wintra),
2278. [Go. hunda, ON. OFris. OS. hund, OHG. hunt; L. centum, Gr. 'ε-κατον, W. cant, OIr. cét, Skt. çatam, Toch. känt]
Hun-ferð, see
Un-ferð.
Hún-láfing, m.,
Hengest's sword? or perh.
a warrior in Hengest's band (son of Húnláf)?; 1143. [*hún-
'high'; láf 'remnant', 'heirloom' (-ing: patronymic)]
húru, adv.,
indeed, at any rate, verily, however;
182, 369, 669, 862, 1071, 1465, 1944, 2836, 3120.
hús, n.,
house; gs. húses, 116, 1666;
gp. húsa (sélest): 146, 285, 658, 935. [Go. ON. OFris. OS. OHG. hús] --Cpds.: bán-,
eorð-, nicor-.
húð, f.
spoils, booty, plunder; ds.(gs.?) -e,
124. [Go. hunþs 'captivity']
hwá, m.f.,
hwæt, n., pron.,
(1) interr.,
who, what; hwá, 52, 2252, 3126, [F. 23]; hwæt,
173, 233 (
who), w/ gp. (
what sort of): 237; dsm. hwám,
1696; asn. hwæt, 1476, 3068, w/ partit. gen.: 474, 1186; isn. (tó)
hwan, 2071.
(2) indef.,
some one, any one, something, anything;
asm. hwone, 155; nsn. hwæt, 3010; asn. ~, 880. [Go. hwa, hwas, OFris. hwá, hwet, OHG. hwaz, Ger. wer, was, W. pa, Skt. kad, kas] hwæt, interj., see hwæt. --Cpds.: aég-, ge-.
ge-hwá, pron., prec. by partit. gen.,
each (one);
gsm. gehwæs, 2527, 2828 (ref. to fem.); dsm. gehwaém, 1364 (ref.
to fem.), 1420; gehwám, 882, 2033; dsn. gehwám, 88; dsf. gehwaére,
25; asm. gehwone, 294, 800 (ref. to fem.), 2765; gehwane, 2397, 2685.
hwan, see
hwá.
hwanan, -on, adv.,
whence; hwanan, 257, 2403, hwanon,
333.
hwár, see
hwaér.
hwata, -e, -um, see
hwæt.
hwæder, see
hwyder.
hwaér, adv., conj.,
where, anywhere; [762],
2029; hwár, 3062; elles hwaér,
elsewhere; 138.
[Go. hwar, ON. hvar, OS. hwar, OHG. hwara, OHG. wár, Ger. wo; Alb. kur 'when', Skt. karhi 'when'] --Cpds.: aég-, ge-, ó-.
ge-hwaér, adv.,
everywhere, on every occasion;
526.
hwæt, adj.,
brisk, vigorous, valiant; nsm.wk. hwata,
3028; dsm. hwatum, 2161; npm. hwate (Scyldingas): 1601, 2052; apm. hwate,
3005; ~ (helmberend): 2517, 2642. [see hwettan] --Cpds.: fyrd-, gold-.
hwæt, pron., see
hwá.
hwæt, interj. (=interr. pron.),
what, lo, behold,
well; foll. by pers. or dem. pron.; at the beginning of a speech (
'listen'): 530, 1652; within a speech: 942, 1774, 2248; at the beginning
of the poem (as of many other OE. poems): 1. (stressed in 1652, 1774). [Go.
gahwatjan]
hwæðer, pron.,
(whether), which of two;
2530; asf. (swá) hwæþere...(swá),
whichsoever,
686. [Go. hwaþar] --Cpds.: aég-, ge-; nóðer.
ge-hwæþer, pron.,
eitehr, each (of two), both;
584, 814, 2171; nsn., 1248; gsn. gehwæþres, 1043; dsm. gehwæðrum,
2994. [
either fr. aég-hwæþer]
hwæþer, conj.,
whether; 1331, 1356, 2785;
[F. 48], hwæþre, 1314.
hwæþre, hwæþere, adv.,
however, yet;
hwæþre, 555, 1270, 2098, 2229, 2298, 2377, 2874, hwæþere,
970, 1718; hwæðre (swá þéah), 2442, 2819;
however that may be, anyhow; hwæþere, 574, hwæþre,
890, hwaþere, 578.
hwealf, (f.) n.,
vault, arch; as.
(heofones) hwealf: 576, 2015. [cp. Go. hwilftrjós 'tomb', Ger. wölben]
hwearf-líc(**), adj.,
active(?), trusty(?); gpm. -ra,
[F. [34]].
ge-hwelc, see
ge-hwylc.
hwéne, adv.,
a little, somewhat; 2699. [Siev. §237
n.2; cp. lýthwón]
hweorfan, III,
turn, go, move about; 2888; hworfan, 1728;
pret. 3 sg. hwearf, 55, 355, 1188, 1573, 1714, 1980, 2238, [2268], 2832,
[F. 17]; opt. 3 sg. hwurfe, 264. [Go. hwaírban, Ger. werben] --Cpds.:
æt-, geond-, ond-, ymbe-.
ge-hweorfan, III,
go, pass; pret. 3 sg. (on aéht)
gehwearf, 1679, (similarly) ~: 1210, 1684, 2208.
hwergen(**), adv.,
somewhere; elles hwergen,
elsewhere; 2590. [cp. Ger. irgend]
hwettan, w1.,
whet, urge, incite; pres. opt. 3 sg.
hwette, 490; pret. 3 pl. hwetton, 204. [hwæt, adj.]
hwíl, f.,
while, time, space of time; 146;
ds. -e, 2320; as. -e, 16, 1762, 2030, 2097, 2137, 2159, 2548, 2571, 2780;
a long time: ns. hwíl, 1495; as. -e, 105, 152; --dp. hwílum,
adv.,
sometimes, at times, now and again, whilom, formerly;
175, 496, 864, 916, 1728, 1828, 2016, 2020, 2107-2108-2109-2111, 2299, 3044.
[Go. hweila, OFris. hwíle, OS. hwíl, OHG. hwíla ds., Ger. Weile] --Cpds.: dæg-, gescæp-, orleg-, sige-.
hwít, adj.,
white, shining; nsm.wk. -a, 1448.
[Go. hweits, Ger. weiß]
hworfan, see
hweorfan.
hwyder, adv.,
whither; 163.
hwylc, pron.,
(1) interr.,
which, what; 274;
nsf., 2002; npm. -e, 1986.
(2) indef.,
any (one) (w/ part.
gen.); nsm., 1104; nsn., 2433; --swá hwylc...swá,
whichever;
nsf., 943; dsm. ~ hwylcum ~, 3057. [< hwá-líc; Go. hwileiks, hwéleiks, ON. hve-, hví-líkr, OFris. hwe-lík, hwelk, hulk, OS. hwe-, hwi-lic, OHG. hwe-líh; cf. L. quis, Gr. τ&ipsilon;ς, Skt. cid 'whatever'] --Cpds.:
aég-, ge-, nát-, wél-.
ge-hwylc, pron.,
each, every (one), w/ partit. gen. (pl.);
985, 1164, 1673; gsm. gehwylces, 732 (ánra ~, see án), 1396;
gsn. ~, 2094, 2189; dsm. gehwylcum, 412, 768, 784 (ánra ~), 996, 2859,
2891; dsf. gehwylcre, 805 dsn. gehwylcum, 98; asm. gehwelcne, 148; gehwylcne,
2250, 2516; asf. gehwylce, 1705; asn. gehwylc, 2608; ism. gehwylce, 2450;
isn. ~, 936, 1090, 2057.
hwyrfan, w1.,
move about; pres. 3 pl. hwyrfaþ, 98.
[hweorfan]
hwyrft, m. -i.,
turning, motion, going; dp. -um, 163. [hweorfan]
--Cpd.: ed-.
hycgan, w3.,
think, purpose, resolve; [imp. pl. hi
c
geaþ, F. 11]; pret. 1 sg. hogode, 632. [Go. hugjan, ON. hyggja, OS. huggean, OHG. huggen] --Cpds.: for-,
ofer-; bealo-, heard-, swíð-, þanc-, wís-hycgende.
ge-hycgan, w3.,
resolve; pret. 2 sg. gehogodest, 1988.
hýdan, w1.,
hide; 446; pres. opt. 3 sg. hýde,
2766 [< Gmc. *húd-jan; see etym. notes under OE.
hord (above)].
ge-hygd, fn. -i.,
thought; as., 2045. [hycgan, Go. gahugds]
--Cpds.: bréost-, mód-; (ofer-, won-hygd).
Hygd, f. -i.,
wife of Hygelác; 1926, 2369; ds. -e,
2172. [ge-hygd 'thought', 'deliberation']
hyge, see
hige.
hyge-bend**, f. -jó. (m. -i.),
mind's bond, heart-string;
dp. -um, 1878.
hyge-giómor*, adj.,
sad in mind, sad at heart; 2408.
Hyge-lác, Hige-lác, (Hýlác(es) 1530
pointing to the form Hyglác?; the form Hyge- occurs only between ll.2001
& 2434, besides 813, 2943), m.,
king of the Geats, son of Hréþel;
435, 1202, 1983, 2201, 2372, 2434, 2914; gs. -es, 261, 342, 2386, 2943,
2952, [2958]; ~ þegn, 194, 1574, 2977; maég ~, 737, 758, 813,
914, 1530, (similarly) 407; ds. -e, 452, 1483, 1830, 1970, 2169, 2988; as.
-, 1820, 1923, 2355; vs., 2000 (dryhten H.), 2151. [hyge 'mind'; lác
'play'; cf. ON. Hugleikr]
hyge-méðe**, adj. -ja.,
wearying the mind; nsn.,
2442. [Ger. müde] (cp. saé-méþe)
hyge-sorh*, f.,
heart-sorrow; gp. -sorga, 2328.
hyht, m. -i.,
hope, solace; 179.
ge-hyld, n.-i. (-c.) (Siev. §§267a, 288 n.1),
protection;
(manna) ~, 3056. [healdan]
hyldan, w1.,
incline, bow down; refl.: pret. 3 sg. hylde
(hine), 688. [
heel 'tilt'; OE. heald, 'sloping', 'inclined']
hyldo, wk.f.,
favour, grace, loyalty, friendship; 2293; gs.,
670, 2998; as., 2067. [hold]
hylt, see
hilt.
hýnan, w1.,
humble, ill-treat, injure; pret. 3 sg.
hýnde, 2319. [héan; Ger. höhnen; honi soit etc.]
hýnðu, f.,
humiliation, harm, injury; as. hýnðu,
277; hýðo(?), 3155; gp. hýnða, 166; hýnðo,
475, 593. [see hýnan]
hýran, w1.,
(1) hear; w/ acc.,
hear
of: pret. 1 sg. hýrde, 1197; --w/ inf.: pret. 1 sg. hýrde,
38; (secgan) hýrde, 582; 3 sg. (~) hýrde, 875; 1 pl. (~) hýrdon,
273; --w/ acc. & inf.: pret. 1 sg. hýrde, 1346, 1842, 2023; --w/
þæt-clause: pret. 1 sg., hýrde ic þæt (formula
of transition, 'futher'), 62, 2163, 2172.
(2) w/ dat.,
listen to,
obey; inf., 10, 2754; pret. 3 pl. hýrdon, 66. [Go. hausjan]
ge-hýran, w1.,
hear, learn; w/ acc.: imp. pl.
gehýrað, 255; pret. 3 sg. gehýrde, 88, 609; --w/ (acc.
and) acc. & inf.: pret. 3 pl. gehýrdon, 785; --w/ (obj. þæt
and) þæt-clause: pres. 1 sg. gehýre, 290.
hyrde, m. -ja.,
((shep)herd), guardian, keeper; 1742,
2245, 2304, 2505; (folces) hyrde: 610, 1832, 2644, 2981, [F. 46]; (wuldres)
hyrde (=God), 931; (fyrena) hyrde (=Grendel), 750; as. hyrde, 887, 3133,
(folces) ~, 1849, (ríces) ~: 2027, 3080; ap. hyrdas, 1666. --Cpd.:
grund-.
hyrst(*), f. -i.,
ornament, accoutrement; armour; dp. -um,
2762; ap. -e, 2988; -a, 3164, [F. 20]. [OHG. (h)rust]
hyrstan(*), w1.,
adorn, decorate; pp. asn. hyrsted, 672.
[Ger. rüsten; see hyrst]
hyrsted-gold*, n.,
fairly-wrought gold; ds. -e, [2255].
hyrtan(**)+, w1.,
encourage; refl.:
take heart;
pret. 3 sg. hyrte (hine), 2593. [heorte]
hyse*, m. -i. (-ja.) (Siev. §263 n.3),
youth, young man;
vs., 1217; [gp. hyssa, F. 48].
hyt(t) (hit(t))**, f. -jó.,
heat; 2649. [Ger.
Hitze]
hýð, f.,
harbour; ds. -e, 32. [
hythe (obs.);
cp. Rotherhithe, etc.]
hýð-weard**, m.,
harbour-guardian; 1914.