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N

ná, see nó.

naca*, wk.m., boat, ship; 1896; gs. nacan, 214; ds. nacan, 1903. [Ger. Nachen] --Cpd.: hring-.

nacod, adj., naked, bare; 2273 (-draca, smooth(?!)); nsn. (ref. to sword), 2585; apn. (~), 539. [Go. naqaþs, ON. nøkkveðr, OFris. nakad, MLG. naket, OHG. nachot, nachut, Ger. nackt; cf. L. núdus (< *nogvedos), OIr. nocht]

náh, see ágan.

nalas, nalæs, nales, nallas, nalles, see nealles.

nam, náman, see niman.

nama, wk.n., name; 343, 1457, [F. 24]; as. naman, 78. [Go. namó, ON. nafn, OFris. nama, OS. OHG. namo, Ger. Name; cf. L. nómen, Gr. ονομα, Skt. náman-]

nán, pron., adj., no; nsn., 988; subst., w/ partit. gen., none; [F. 41]; nsn., 803. [ne, án]

nát, see witan.

nát-hwylc(*), pron., some (one), a certain (one), ('I know not which (one)'); ad.: dsm. -um, 1513; --subst., w/ partit. gen.: nsm., 2215, 2233; gsm. -es, 2053, 2223. [=ne wát; cp. ON. nokkurr; Lat. 'nescio quis']

næbben, see habban.

Nægling, m., Béowulf's sword; 2680. [nægl 'nail'; cp. sword-names Nagelrinc, -ring, Nagelung in 'Þídrekssaga' & MHG. epics]

næfne, see nefne.

naéfre, adv., never; 247, 583, 591, 655, 718, 1041, 1048, næfre, 250; w/ ne added before verb, 1460, [F. 37, similarly, néfre, F. 39].

ge-naégan*, w1., (approach), assail, attack; pret. 3 pl. genaégdan 2206; pp. genaéged, 1439.

nægl, m., nail; gp. -a, 985. [ON. nagl, OFris. neil, OS. OHG. nagal, Ger. Nagel; cf. OSlav. noguti, Lith. nãgas, Gr. 'ονυξ, Lat. unguis, OIr. ingen 'nail'; OSlav. noga, Skt. anghri- 'foot'; Lith. nagà, Lat. ungula 'hoof']

nægl(i)an, w1. (2.), nail; pp. asn. nægled, 2023. [Go. ga-nagljan, ON. negla, OS. neglian, OHG. neglien, Ger. nageln]

naénig, pron., no, no-one, none; ad.: nsn., 1514; asm. naénigne, 1197; gpm. naénigre, 949; --subst. (w/ gen.): naénig, 157, 242, 691, 859, 1933; dsm. naénegum, 598. [ne, aénig]

naére, naéron, næs (=ne wæs), see eom.

næs(**)+, adv., by no means; 562, 2262. [=nealles]

næs(s), m., headland, bluff, ness; ds. næsse, 2243, 2417; as. næs, 1439, 1600, 2898; gp. næssa, 1360; ap. næssas, 1358, 1411, 1911. [cp. ON. nes] --Cpds.: saé-; Earna-, Hrones-.

næs-hlið**, n., (slope of) headland (but see Gelling 8-9); dp. -hleoðum, 1427.

ne, adv., not; immediately prec. the verb, 138 times, 38, 50, 80, 83, 109, 119, 154, 162, 180, etc.; [F. 3a, 3b, 4b, 20, 37, 41]. né, conj., nor, after (or within) negat. clause, 157, 169, 577, 584, 793, 1084, 1101, 1454, 1736a, 1736b, 1737, 1930, 2126, 2185, 2263, 2264, 2348, 2533, 2628b, 2738b, 2957, 3016, [F. 39]; w/ ne added before verb: 182, 245, 862, 1515, 2922, [F. 3a, 3b, 4a]; disjunct. phrases, né léof né láð 511, né...né...né 1393a, 1393b, 1394a; w/ frist neg. omitted: aér né siþðan 718, súð né norð 858, wordum né worcum 1100, wyrda né worda 3030, similarly, 1454a, 1736a; --after positive clause: 510, 739, 1071, 2217, 2297. [Go. ni]

néah, near, nigh;
   I. adv.; 1221, 2870.
   II. prep. (usually following the noun), w/ dat., near, on, by, close to; 564, 1924, [2215], 2242, 2290, 2547, 2831, 2853; néh, 2411.
  III. (predic.) adj.; 1743, 2420, 2728. [Go. néhw]
--Comp.adv.néar, nearer; 745. --Supl. adj. níehsta, nýhsta, last; dsm. níehstan (síðe), 2511; nýhstan (~), 1203. [Go. néhw(a), ON. ná-, OFris. néi, ní, OS. OHG. náh; cf. MnE. next]

ge-neahhe, adv., sufficiently, abundantly, frequently; 783 (very), 3152 (perh. earnestly); supl. genehost, 794. [Go. ganauha]

nealles, adv., not at all; 2145, 2167, 2179, 2221, 2363, 2596, 2873, 3089; nalles, 338, 1018, 1076, 1442, 2503, 2832, 2919, 3015, 3019, 3023; nales, 1811; nallas, 1719, 1749; nalas, 1493, 1529, 1537; nalæs, 43. [ne, ealles] cp. næs.

néan, adv., from near, near; néän, 528, 839; néan, 1174, 2318; néon, 3104.

néar, see néah.

nearo, adj. -wa., narrow; ap.(s.?)f. nearwe, 1409.

nearo, n. -wa., straits, difficulty, distress; dp. -um, 2245.

nearo-cræft**, m., art of rendering access difficult, (lit., 'narrow-craft'); dp. -um, 2245.

nearo-fáh**, adj., cruelly hostile; gsm. -fáges, 2317.

nearo-þearf*, f., severe distress; as. -e, 422.

nearwe, adv., narrowly, closely; 976.

nearwian, w2., press (hard); pp. genearwod, 1438.

nefa, wk.m., nephew; 2170, 1203; ds. nefan, 881; as. ~, 2206; grandson(?): ns. nefa, 1962. [MnE. nephew fr. OFr., fr. Lat. (acc.) nepotem]

nefne, nemne,
   I. conj.; (1) w/ subj.: unless, if--not; nefne 1056, 3054, nemne 1552 (ind.?), 2654. (2) w/ ind.: except that; næfne, 1353. (3) without verb (after negat.): except; nefne, 1934, 2151, 2533.
  II. prep., w/ dat.: except; nemne, 1081. [Go. niba(i), OS. neba, -o, -u, OHG. nibu, -a, nuba] --see nymþe; búton.

néh, see néah.

ge-nehost, see ge-neahhe.

nelle, see willan.

nemnan, w1., name, call; 2023; pres. 3 pl. nemnað, 364; pret. 3 pl. nemdon, 1354. [nama; Go. namnjan, ON. nefna, OFris. nemna, nenna, OS. nemnian, OHG. nemnen, nemmen, nennen, Ger. nennen] --Cpd.: be-.

nemne, see nefne.

néod-laðu**, f., desire; dp. -laðu, 1320. see níod.

néon, see néan.

néosan, néosian, w1.2., w/ gen., seek out, inspect, go to, visit, attack; néosan 125, 1786, 1791, 1806, 2074, níosan 2366, 2388; néosian 115, 1125, níosian [2671], 3045; pres. 3 sg. níosað, 2486. [Go. -niuhsjan]

néotan*, II, w/ gen., make use of, enjoy; imp. sg. néot, 1217. [Go. niutan, ON. njóta, OFris. niáta, OS. niotan, OHG. niozan, Ger. geniessen] --Cpd.: be-.

neowol, adj., precipitous, steep; apm. neowle, 1411.

nerian, w1., save, protect; pres. 3 sg. nereð, 572; pp. genered, 827. [(ge-)nesan; Go. nasjan]

ge-nesan, V, be saved, survive, get safely through; abs.: pret. 3 sg. genæs, 999; w/ acc.: pret. 1 sg. ~, 2426; 3 sg. ~, 1977; [3 pl. genaéson 'bore', F. 47]; pp. genesen, 2397. [Go. ga-nisan, OS. OHG. nesan, Ger. genesen]

néðan, w1., venture (on); pret. 2 pl. (on...wæter aldrum) néþdon, 510; opt. 1 pl. (si.) néðdon, 538; --w/ acc., brave, dare; pres. ptc. néðende, 2350. [Go. ana-nanþjan]

ge-néþan, w1., venture (on); (under ýða gewin aldre) genéþan, 1469; pret. opt. 1 sg. (si.) genéðde, 2133;--w/ acc., engage in, brave, dare; inf., 1933; pret. 1 sg. genéðde, 1656, 2511; 3 sg. (under...stán) ~, 888; 1 pl. genéðdon, 959. cp. ge-dígan.

nicor(**)+, m., water-monster, ("nicker" (arch.)); gp. nicera, 845; ap. niceras, 422, 575, nicras 1427. [OHG. nihhus, Ger. Nix(e) < Gmc. *nikwiz, *nikuz < IE. *neigw- 'to wash' (Watkins 57:neigw-/Pokorny neigu-)]

nicor-hús**, n., abode of water-monsters; gp. -a, 1411.

níd-gripe** (=nýd-), m. -i., forceful/coercive grip; ds., [976].

nið-gripe**, m., hostile, evil grip; ds. [nið]gripe 976 (MS mid gripe; usu. em. [n]idgripe for nydgripe).

níehsta, see néah.

nigon, num., nine; a. nigene, 575. [Go. niun, ON. níu, OFris. OS. nigun, OHG. niun, Ger neun, L. novem, Gr. εννεα, OIr. nóin, W. naw, Toch. ñu, Skt. nava]

niht, f. -c., night; 115, 547, 649, 1320, 2116; gs. nihtes, adv., by night; 422, 2269, 2273, 3044; ds. niht, 575, 683, 702, 1334 (gystran niht); as. ~, 135, 736, 2938; gp. (fíf) nihta ('days'), 545, nihta 1365; dp. nihtum, 167, 275, 2211; ap. (seofon) niht, 517. [Go. nahts, ON. nótt, OFris. nacht, OS. OHG. naht, Ger. Nacht, Gr. νυχ, Lat. nox, OSlav. nos`ti, Lith. naktìs, Skt. nakt(i)-; cf. OIr. in-nocht 'tonight', Toch. noktim 'towards evening'] --Cpds.: middel-, sin-.

niht-bealu**, n. -wa., night-evil; gp. -bealwa, 193.

niht-helm*, m., cover of night; 1789.

niht-long, adj., lasting a night; asm. -ne, 528. see and-long.

niht-weorc**, n., night-work; ds. -e, 827.

niman, IV, take, seize; 1808, 3132; pres. 3 sg. nymeð, 598; pret. 3 sg. nóm 1612, nam 746, 2986; 1 pl. náman, 2116; pp. numen, 1153; --carry off (w/ subject: déað, hild, etc.); pres. 3 sg. nimeð 441, 447, 1491, 2536, nymeð 1846; opt. 3 sg. nime, 452, 1481. [Go. niman, ON. nema, OFris. nema, nima, OS. neman, niman, OHG. neman, Ger. nehmen; cp. MnE. nim, numb, nimble]

ge-niman, IV, take, seize, take away; pret. 3 sg. genóm, 2776, genam 122, 1302, 1872, 2429; pp. genumen, 3165.

níod(*), f., desire, pleasuer; as. -e, 2116. [Go. *niuþs (in pr. name Niudis), OS. niud, OHG. niot]

níos(i)an, see néosan.

nioðor, see niþer.

níowe, see níwe.

ge-nip, n., darkness, mist; ap. -u, 1360, 2808. [nípan, Go. ganipnan]

nípan(*), I, grow dark; pres. ptc. nípende (niht): 547, 649.

nis, see eom.

níð, m., (ill-will, envy), violence; ds. níþe, 2680; hostility, persecution, trouble, affliction; ns. 2317; ds. níðe, 827; as. níð, 184, 276, 423, [F. 9];--*battle, contest; ds. níðe, 2585; gp. níða, 882, 1962, 2170, 2350, 2397, [F. 21], w/ verb (instrum. sense): 845, 1439 (by force?), 2206. [Go. neiþ, Ger. Neid; ON. níð 'pain', OFris. níth 'malice, strife', OS. níð, OHG. níd 'hate, malice', OIr. níth 'struggle, battle'] --Cpds.: bealo-, faér-, here-, hete-, inwit-, searo-, wæl-.

níð-draca**, wk.m., hostile/malicious dragon; 2273.

niþer, adv., down(ward); 1360; nýðer, 3044. nioðor, adv. comp. (based on stem niþ-), lower down, 2699. [cp. nether]

níð-gæst*, m. -i., malicious (stranger or) for; as., 2699. (or -gaést?)

níþ-geweorc(**), n., hostile deed, fight; gp. -a, 683.

níþ-grim(m)*, adj., grim, cruel; nsf. -grim, 193.

níð-heard(*), adj., violence-hard(ened), brave in battle(?); 2417.

níð-hédig**, adj., hostile; npm. -hédige, 3165. [=-hýdig; hycgan]

níð-sele**, m. -ja.p., hostile/battle hall; ds., 1513.

niþðas*, m. -ja.p., men; gp. niþða, 1005, niða(?) 2215. [Go. niþjis 'kinsman']

níð-wundor**, n., fearful wonder, portent; as., 1365.

níwe, adj. -ja., new; 2243, 783 (unheard of, startling); asf. ~, 949; gpn. níwra, 2898; --dsm.wk. níwan (stefne) (afresh, anew), 2594, níowan (~), 1789. [Go. niujis, ON. nýr, OFris. níe, OS. niuwi, nígi, OHG. niuwi, Ger. neu, Lith. naũjas, Gr. νε&ipsilon;ος, Skt. navya-]

(ge-)níwian, w2., renew; pp. geníwod, 1303, 1322, geníwad, 2287.

níw-tyrwed**, adj. (pp.), new-tarred; asm. -tyrwydne, 295.

nó, emphatic neg. adv., not at all, not, never; 136, 168, 244, 366, 450, 541: 543 (correl.), 575, 581, 586, 677, 754, 841, 968, 972, 974, 1002, 1025, 1355, 1366, 1392, 1453, 1502, 1508, 1735, 1892, 1907, 2081, 2160, 2307, 2314, 2347, 2354, 2373, 2423, 2466, 2585, 2618; ná, 445, 567, 1536. --(nó þý aér, see aér; nó þý leng: 974, similarly, 2423; syðþan ná (nó): 567, 1453. with ne added before verb: 450, 567, 1453, 1508, 2466) [no; Go. ni aiw]

ge-nóg, adj., enough, abundant, many; apm. -e, 3104; ap.(s.?)f. -e, 2489. [Go. ganóhs]

nolde, see willan.

nóm, see niman.

nón(**)+, n.(?), ninth hour (=3pm); 1600. [noon; fr. Lat. nona]

norð, adv., north(wards); 858. [Go. *naúrþs (in pr. name Narthildis), ON. norð(r), OS. norð, OFris. OHG. north, Ger. nördlich]

Norð-Dene, see Dene.

norþan-wind(**)+, m., north wind; 547.

nose, wk.f., *projection, promontory, cape; ds. nosan, 1892, 2803. [cp. nosu]

nóðer, conj., nor, and not; 2124. [nó-hwæðer]

nú,
  I. adv. (conj.), now; 251, 254, 375, 395, 424, 489, 602, 658, 939, 946, 1174, 1338, 1343, 1376, 1474, 1761, 1782, 1818, 2053, 2247a, 2508, 2646, 2666, 2729, 2743, 2747, 2900, 2910, 3013, 3101, 3114, [F. 7, 8, 10]; nú gén, 2859, 3167; ný gýt, 956, 1058 (gít), 1134; nú ðá (stressed nú), 426, 657.
  II. conj., now, now that, since; 430, 2799, 3020, [F. 21]; correl. w/ (preced.) adv. nú: 1475, 2247b, 2745. [ON. OFris. OS. OHG. nú, Ger. nun, Lith. nù, Gr. νυ, νυν, OIr. nu-, Skt., Toch. nu]

nýd, f. -i., necessity, compulsion, distress; ds. nýde, 1005; as. nýd, 2454. [néd>need; Go. nauþs, Ger. Not] --Cpds.: hæft-, þréa-.

(ge-)nýdan, w1., compel, force; pp. nsn. genýded, 2680, asf. genýdde, 1005.

nýd-bád(**)+, f., enforced contribution, toll; as. -e, 598.

nýd-gestealla**, wk.m., comrade in need, i.e. in battle; np. -gesteallan, 882. [OHG. nót(igi)stallo, MHG. nótgestalle]

nýd-wracu*, f., violent persecution, dire distress; 193.

nýhsta, see néah.

nyman, see niman.

nyllan, see willan.

nymþe, conj., unless, if--not; 781 (w/ subj.), 1658 (w. ind.?, but?). cp. nefne.

nyt(t), f. -jó., use, office, duty, service; as. nytte, 494, 3118 (~ héold 'did its duty'). [cp. OHG. nuzzí; see nyt(t), adj.] --Cpds.: sund-, sundor-.

nyt(t), adj. -ja., useful, beneficial; apm. nytte, 794. [néotan; Go. (un-)nuts, OHG. nuzzi] --Cpd.: un-.

ge-nyttian(**), w2., w/ acc., use, enjoy; pp. genyttod, 3046.

nyðer, see niþer.